Vertical downward gas-driven miscible blanket flooding oil recovery process

ABSTRACT

A vertical downward gas-driven miscible blanket oil recovery process wherein the spreading rate of the solvent blanket on top of the oil column is increased by adding to or using with the conventional solvent a high density solvent such as carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride or certain halogenated hydrocarbons. Sufficient dense solvent is injected along with the conventional hydrocarbon solvent to increase the density of the resulting solvent mixture to a value only slightly less than the density of the formation petroleum being displaced, so that a stable blanket will be maintained with substantially increased rate and extent of spreading of the solvent blanket on top of the oil column. The miscible blanket is displaced downward by injecting gas such as natural gas, methane, or carbon dioxide into the upper portion of the reservoir. The dense solvent may be injected before or after the conventional solvent, or the dense and conventional solvent may be injected simultaneously using dual injection strings.

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Allen et al.

sa /116mg Kent 1 1 VERTICAL DOWNWARD GAS-DRIVEN [75] Inventors: Joseph C. Allen, Bellaire; Jack F.

Tate, Houston, both of Tex. [73] Assignee: Texaco Inc., New York, NY. [57] ABSTRACT A vertical downward gas-driven miscible blanket oil [22] Filed May 1973 recovery process wherein the spreading rate of the sol- [21] Appl. No.: 357,418 vent blanket on top of the oil column is increased by adding to or using with the conventional solvent a high density solvent such as carbon disulfide, carbon tetrag% g chloride or certain halogenated hydrocarbons. Suffi- 'i 166/273 275 306 cient dense solvent is injected along with the conven- I o earc 6/ tional hydrocarbon solvent to increase the density of the resulting solvent mixture to a value only slightly less than the density of the formation petroleum being [56] References cued displaced, so that a stable blanket will be maintained UNITED STATES PATENTS with substantially increased rate and extent of spread 2.708.481 5/1955 Allen 166/268 ing of the solvent blanket on top of the oil column. 1725-106 I H1955 spcumw I66/268 The miscible blanket is displaced downward by inject- 2,842.204 7/1958 Horncr 166/268 ing gas Such as mum! methane carbon diox 2 3 g i' ide into the upper portion of the reservoir. The dense 25: 245 solvent may be injected before or after the conven- 112211514 3/1666 80.113181 11111111-.- 1111 166/364 110ml w or t dense and w' 1 6 3.249.157 5 1966 Brigham Ctfll. 166/273 y be mlected slmultaneously dual mJectlon 3.369.601 2/1968 BOfld ct =11. 166/274 g 3.371.7ll 3/1968 Odch ct al. 166/268 3.729.053 4/1973 Froning 166/273 23 Clam, 4 Drawmg Flgures /Z"\1 /3 Z''\./ 4 0 o Q {/V/ 54 AVA K Y K Y T /5 V XX X X Primary Examiner-James A. Leppink Attorney, Agent, or FirmThomas H. Whaley; Carl G. Ries VERTICAL DOWNWARD GAS-DRIVEN MISCIBLE BLANKET FLOODING OIL RECOVERY PROCESS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention pertains to miscible flooding oil recovery process and particularly to an improved oil recovery process utilizing the vertical downward moving miscible blanket flooding technique. and more particularly to a method of increasing the rate and degree of spreading of the solventslug or blanket on top of the oil column.

2. Description of the Prior Art Petroleum is found in subterranean formations or reservoirs in which it has accumulated. and recovery is initially accomplished by pumping or permitting the petroleum to flow to the surface of the earth through wells drilled into the subterranean formation for that purpose. Petroleum can be recovered from subterranean formations only if certain conditions are satisfied. For example. there must be an adequately high concentration of petroleum in the formation. and there must be sufficient permeability and porosity or interconnected flow channels throughout the formation to permit the flow of fluids therethrough if sufficient pressure is applied to the fluids. Furthermore. the formation petroleum viscosity must be sufficiently low that it will flow through the flow channels if pressure is applied thereto. When the subterranean petroleum-containing formation has natural energy present in the form of an underlying active water drive. or solution gas. or a high pressure gas cap above the petroleum-saturated zone of the formation. this natural energy is utilized to recover petroleum. This phase of oil recovery is referred to as primary recoveryv When this natural energy source is depleted. or in the instance of those formations which do not originally contain sufficient natural energy to support primary recovery operations. some form of supplemental recovery process must be used. Supplemental oil recovery is frequently referred to as secondary or tertiary recovery. although in fact it may be primary. secondary. or tertiary in sequence of employment.

Although water flooding or water injection is the simplest and most widely used form of supplemental oil recovery. it is not particularly effective because water and oil are immiscible and hence water does not displace petroleum efflciently. Persons skilled in the art of oil recovery have recognized the inefficiency of water flooding. and it has been proposed in the prior art to inject a solvent for petroleum into the formation to reduce the viscosity of the naturally occurring petroleum. followed by injection of a drive fluid such as water or gas. in order to recover a higher percentage of the formation petroleum than is possible utilizing water or gas alone.

One particular type of miscible flooding is referred to as vertically downward moving miscible blanket flooding. This type of oil recovery is especially suitable for use in very thick reservoirs. e.g.. petroleum reservoirs having a thickness in excess of 50 feet or more. In miscible blanket flooding. a solvent. eg a material which is miscible under reservoir conditions with formation petroleum is injected into the upper portions of the petroleum reservoir. After a predetermined pore volume of solvent is injected. a drive gas such lean gas is injected into the upper portions of the formation in order to displace the slug or blanket or solvent vertically downward. The idealized version of downward miscible blanket flooding contemplates the formation of a discrete. relatively thin layer of solvent which has spread completely across the top of the oil column from which oil recovery is sought. with the miscible slug or blanket being displaced downward in a substantially piston-like manner by the subsequently injected dry gas. Oil production will normally be taken by a well or wells completed in the bottom of the petroleum-containing formation. Initially only petroleum will be recovered. and after a substantial amount of time has elapsed a mixture of the previously injected solvent slug and petroleum will be recovered from the formation. Since the upper portion of the oil column has a reduced viscosity as a result of the presence of the miscible blanket therein. much more efficient displacement of petroleum from the formation is achieved than-would be possible utilizing lean gas alone.

If the miscible blanket fails to spread over all of the petroleum-saturated zone. or spreads too slowly. only a portion of the reservoir will be subjected to miscible blanket flooding. The portion not covered by the spreading miscible blanket will be subjected only to downward displacement by lean gas. Gas displacement is relatively inefficient. so the portion of the reservoir over which the miscible blanket has not spread will experience much lower recovery efficiency than is achieved in the portion of the reservoir which has been covered by the miscible blanket. Accordingly. the anticipated high recovery efflciency of vertically downward miscible blanket flooding is achieved only if the injected solvent blanket spreads at a sufficiently high rate that it covers the top of the oil column completely. Frequently the injected solvent slug spreads too slowly to cover the entire oil column. especially if there is a substantial difference in density between the injected solvent slug and the formation petroleum. and little difference in density between the solvent and displacing gas.

In view of the foregoing discussion. it can be appreciated that the total oil recovery efficiency will be reduced dramaticallyin applications of vertical downward moving miscible blanket flooding if complete spreading of the injected solvent blanket does not occur because of slow solvent spreading rate. Accordingly. there is a substantial need for a method for improving the spreading rate of an injected solvent blanket over the top of the petroleum-saturated formation being subjected to miscible blanket flooding.

Still another problem is sometimes encountered in miscible blanket flooding. In application of this technique to formations containing appreciable quantities ofasphaltic or bituminous materials. complete miscibility between the injected solvent and the formation petroleum may not be achieved. This is particularly true since the nature of the solvent is frequently influenced by the types of solvent materials available in the area at a modest cost. Mixtures of C to C aliphatic hydrocarbons. for example. sometimes are utilized as the miscible blanket. and saturated hydrocarbons such as these are not suitable solvents for asphaltic materials. Accordingly. there is also a substantial. unfulfilled need for an improved miscible blanket flooding technique which will achieve efficient recovery of high asphaltcontent petroleum.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION We have discovered. and this constitutes our invention. that a vertical downward miscible blanket flooding oil recovery process may be performed under conditions which result in an increase in the spreading rate of the injected solvents. so that the solvents spread more rapidly and more completely over a greater portion of the oil column. We have also discovered that in certain embodiments of our invention. the effectiveness of the solvent in formations containing petroleum having substantial asphaltic or bituminous content including tar sands can be increased. The improvement which constitutes our invention involves using a conventional solvent in combination with a high density solvent such as carbon disulfide or certain insoluble halogenated hydrocarbons which are essentially insoluble in and unreactive with water. or carbon tetrachloride. Sufficient dense solvent is injected into the reservoir to bring the average solvent density to a value only slightly less than the density of the formation petroleum. The mixed solvent blanket is displaced vertically downward by injecting a drive gas such as natural gas or carbon dioxide into the upper part of the reservoir. The dense solvent may be injected before or after the conventional solvent. or slugs of dense and conventional solvent may be injected in alternating. repetitive cycles. or the dense andconventional solvent may be injected simultaneously using separate injection strings. In high bitumen content reservoirs such as tar sand deposits it is desirable to inject certain of the dense solvent. specifically carbon disulfide. first in order to have it contact the bitumen containing petroleum in advance of the conventional solvent. since carbon disulfide is especially effective at dislodging the bitumen from sand grains. In conventional petroleum reservoirs. injection of conventional solvent before or sequentially or simultaneously with the dense solvent is preferred in order to achieve efficient mixing of the dense and conventional solvent in situ in the formation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an illustrative embodiment of a prior art conventional vertically downward miscible blanket flood oil recovery process.

FIG. 2 is an illustrative embodiment of a vertically downward miscible blanket flooding oil recovery process wherein dense solvent is injected first and then a conventional solvent is injected with resultant improved solvent slug spreading.

FIG. 3 is an illustrative embodiment of our invention wherein a dense solvent and a conventional solvent are injected simultaneously using separate injection means.

FIG. 4 is another illustrative embodiment of our invention showing injection of sequential slugs of dense and conventional solvent.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS I. The Process Our invention may best be understood by referring to the attached drawings. In FIG. I there is illustrated a vertically downward miscible blanket oil recovery process as is taught by the prior art. with oil-saturated zone 1 being penetrated by production well 2. solvent injection well 3. and gas injection well 4. Production well 2 has perforations 5 very near the bottom of the petroleum-saturated zone. and the solvent injection well 3 has perforations 6 near the upper portion of the petroleum formation. Gas injection well 4 similarly has perforation 7 high in the oil formation. In the practice of vertically downward miscible blanket flooding, a quantity of solvent. generally in the range of from about 1 pore volume percent to about 20 pore volume percent. is injected into the formation near the upper portion of the petroleum-saturated zone via solvent injection well 3. The solvent moves downward because its density is greater than the gas contained in gas saturated zone 8, to form a relatively thin. discrete layer immediately above the petroleum-saturated zone. The rate at which the injected solvent slug spreads on top of the oil saturated zone is principally determined by the viscosity of the solvent and difference in density between the solvent and the gas in gas saturated zone 8.

Solvents utilized for this type of flooding operation are generally low molecular weight aliphatic hydrocarbons such as ethane. propane. butane. pentane. etc.. and various mixtures thereof including LPG or liquefled petroleum gas. The concentrations of the various components in a conventional solvent mixture are noncritical. so long as the cricondenbar (i.e.. the pressure above which the solvent components will all be completely miscible with the formation petroleum at formation temperature) is well above the formation pressure. so that complete miscibility between the solvent and formation petroleum is achieved.

Operation of a vertically downward miscible blanket flood under conditions so that displacement will be essentially piston like. i.e.. no viscous fingering will result. requires careful manipulation of certain controllable parameters. A vertically downward displacement will generally be piston like provided the density of the displacing fluid is less than the density of the displaced fluid (the formation petroleum). and further providing that the viscosity of the displacing fluid is greater than the viscosity of the displaced fluid (formation petro 'leum Moreover. there is a critical velocity for solvent slug movement above which efficient displacement will not be achieved even if the desirable viscosity and density relationships are present. The critical velocity for any particular recovery system is a function of the formation permeability. formation porosity. and differences in density and viscosity between the displacing fluid and displaced fluid.

From the foregoing. it may appear that there are conflicting criteria for the density of the displacing fluid. In order to achieve rapid spreading of the injected solvent slug so as to form a discrete solvent blanket completely covering the top of the oil column. it is desirable to maximize the solvent density. In order to insure piston like displacement without viscous fingering of the injected fluid into the displaced fluid. it is desirable that the density of the injected (displacing) fluid be less than the density of the displaced fluid. We have discovered. however. that it is possible to achieve a significant increase in solvent slug spreading rate without encountering the danger of viscous fingering caused by displacing fluid density being greater than displaced fluid density.

In FIG. 2 there is illustrated a tar sand formation being subject to the improved vertically downward miscible blanket flooding procedure according to one embodiment of our invention. As in FIG. 1, the solvents are injected via well 3 and enters the upper portion of the petroleum formation through perforation 6. Gas is injected through well 4 and enters the upper portion of the formation through perforations 7. There is no difficulty in achieving relatively uniform distribution of injected gas throughout the upper portion 8 of the formation because of the high mobility of gas. In this particular instance. carbon disulfide l0 dense solvent is injected first followed by conventional solvent 11. Little or no gravity induced mixing occurs since the denser solvent is on the bottom. Carbon disulflde moves downward, contacting the tar sand deposit before the conventional solvent contacts the tar sand deposit. We have found that this is the preferred order for contact. since carbon disulfide has a particular affinity for dislodging tar from sand grains. Once the bitumen is dislodged. conventional solvents such as aliphatic C -C solvents are more capable of dissolving petroleum than is normally the case. A mixture of carbon disulflde and carbon tetrachloride is also a preferred solvent for use in this embodiment.

In FIG. 3. conventional petroleum reservoir 1 is penetrated by gas injection well 4 having perforations 7 in the upper part of said formation, production well 2 with perforations 5 in the bottom portion of the petroleum formation. Two solvent injection wells 12 and 13 having perforations l4 and I5 above the top of the petroleum saturated zone I are completed for simultaneous injection of dense solvent and conventional solvent. In the practice of this embodiment. a dense solvent such as carbon disulfide. carbon tetrachloride. a mixture of carbon disulfide and carbon tetrachloride or other materials described below is injected into one of the two solvent injection wells. well 12 for example. Conventional solvent such as propane. butane. etc. is injected into the other solvent injection well. It is preferable that the points at which the solvents enter the formation be quite close. and a single well having tubing and easing may he used. with one solvent material being pumped through the tubing and the other solvent being pumped down the annular space between the casing and tubing. The advantage of dual injection rather than surface mixing of the two materials resides in the elimination of the need for surface mixing equipment. Both solvent materials are pumped into the reservoir using the separate strings. regulating the two flow rates simultaneously to produce the desired mixture of dense solvent and conventional solvent.

In FIG. 4. another embodiment of the process of our invention is illustrated. using solvent injection well 3 with perforations 6 near the top of petroleum saturated zone 1. Production well 2 is completed with perforations 5 near the lower portion of petroleum formation 1. Slugs of dense solvent and conventional solvent for petroleum are injected in alternating slugs via solvent injection well 3. The discrete slugs mix within the petroleum reservoir. forming a homogeneous mixture of conventional and dense solvent which spreads on top of the formation in a relatively thin blanket 16. Gas injection may be initiated during the period in which the solvent is injected to increase the pressure within the formation.

In the preceeding examples wherein mixing occurred. a solvent mixture is produced whose density is from about 80 to 95% of the density of the formation petroleum in order to insure that the solvent remains above the petroleum zone. In the embodiment of FIG. 2. the dense and conventional solvent do not mix completely since the dense solvent is injected before the conventional solvent. Nevertheless. rapid spreading of the solvent on top of the oil zone is assured.

II. The Solvent Mixture The solvents utilized in the process of our invention are a conventional solvent which may be a mixture of numerous components. plus a dense solvent whose density is greater than the formation petroleum such as carbon disulfide or a halogenated hydrocarbon essentially insoluble in and unreactive with water or carbon tetrachloride.

Frequently, the choice of constituents of the conventional solvent utilized in a miscible flooding operation is determined by logistics and economics more than optimum solvent action. For example. when a need for a miscible flooding operation arises in an area. and it is determined that there is a satisfactory solvent available in the area on an economically attractive basis. this material will be utilized even though it is not necessarily the most effective solvent from a technical point of view. Frequently an ethane-propane-butane mixture is available. and lean gas will be blended with this mixture. adding as much lean gas or methane as is possible to dissolve in the solvent mixture without violating the prime consideration that it remain essentially single phase under conditions of formation temperature and pressure. Inclusion of a small concentration of aromatic hydrocarbon in such a mixture will be beneficial to the efficiency of the process.

The material suitable for use as the dense solvent for increasing the density of the solvent mixture include carbon disulflde. carbon tetrachloride. and certain halogenated hydrocarbons. It can be seen from the handbook data contained in Table I below that a number of materials are satisfactory for use as a density increasing additive for solvents in vertically downward miscible blanket flooding operation.

Any of the materials listed in Table I are suitable for use in the process of our invention. Furthermore. the boiling points of all of the materials are sufficiently low to permit separation on the surface of solvent from the produced crude by vacuum distillation. For example. the densities of carbon tetrachloride and carbon disulfide are each substantially greater than the density of formation petroleum. and so either may be mixed with the conventional low molecular weight aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent to be employed in the miscible process of our invention. The quantity of dense solvent to be used with the hydrocarbon solvent depends on the density of the formation petroleum and the density of the conventional hydrocarbon solvent and density of the drive fluid. It is a straightforward calculation to determine the amount of dense solvent to be added along with the conventional solvent in order to achieve a resulting mixture having a density substantially greater than the density of the conventional hydrocarbon solvent but slightly less than the density of the formation petroleum. The maximum benefit is achieved by adding sufficient dense solvent to the formation so that a combination or mixture with conventional hydrocarbon solvent is formed. the density of the mixture being equal to around 80 to 95 percent of the density of the formation petroleum.

Ill. The Drive Fluid The gaseous drive fluid in conventional vertically downward miscible blanket flooding is generally dry or lean natural gas. e.g.. predominantly methane. The same drive gas may be used in our process quite satisfactorily. The growing shortage of natural gas. however. makes the use of some other gas highly desirable.

Carbon dioxide is frequently available at an attractive price in oil fields. and carbon dioxide is a particularly desirable gas for use in oil recovery processes since it is highly soluble in petroleum and causes swelling and viscosity reduction of petroleum as a consequence of dissolution therein. However. carbon dioxide is highly compressible and so the density of carbon dioxide at the pressures frequently encountered in petroleum reservoirs will usually exceed the density of conventional solvents. For example. the density of carbon dioxide at 167F. and 2.100 pounds per square inch pressure is 27.5 pounds per cubic foot. and at 167F. and 2.500 pounds per square inch pressure. it is 34.4 pounds per cubic foot. The density of a typical solvent composed of C -C aliphatic hydrocarbons is 26 pounds per cubic foot. Clearly then a process using such a solvent and carbon dioxide as the drive gas would be doomed to failure. The denser drive gas would not remain above the solvent; mixing between carbon dioxide and the solvent would occur and poor displacement efficiency would result.

Carbon dioxide is a very satisfactory drive gas for use in our process. however. since the density of the resultant solvent mixture can easily be made greater than the density of carbon dioxide. Another preferred embodiment of our process is. therefore. the use of a conventional low molecular weight aliphatic conventional solvent in combination with carbon disulfide. carbon tetrachloride or one of the suitable halogenated hydrocarbons as the dense solvent and carbon dioxide as the drive gas.

The process of our invention may best be understood by reference to the following field example. which is offered only as an illustrative embodiment of our invention and is not intended to be limitative or restrictive thereof.

lV. Field Example A reeftype reservoir is located at a depth of 300 feet.

1ll0)(0 30) 3.332.100 cubic feet The production well is drilled to the bottom of the petroleum-saturated interval. and perforations are made near the bottom of said well. Two close spaced solvent injection wells and a gas (drive fluid) injection well are drilled into and completed near the top of the petroleum-saturated interval.

It is determined that a material suitable for use as a conventional hydrocarbon solvent is available for an attractive price in the immediate area. said material comprising 25 percent ethane. 40 percent propane. 20 percent butane and 15 percent pentane. Carbon dioxide is also available. and will be utilized as the displacing or drive gas to be injected in the upper portion of the reservoir for the purpose of displacing the previously injected miscible materials downward.

It is determined that the density of the reservoir petroleum is 44 pounds per cubic foot. and the density of the conventional solvent described above is 26 pounds per cubic foot. The density of carbon dioxide at formation conditions is 28 pounds per cubic foot. In order to insure spreading of the injected solvents. it is necessary to increase the density difference between the solvent mixture and the displacing gas. and yet have a resultant solvent density less than the density of the formation petroleum. This is accomplished most readily by injecting a 50-50 mixture of carbon disulfide and carbon tetrachloride into one solvent injection well and the conventional solvent into the other. The materials mix in the formation. The mixed solvent density is controlled by the flow rates of the two solvent injection streams. By injecting the materials at a ratio of 25 percent by weight carbon disulfidecarbon tetrachloride mixture and by weight conventional solvent. a mixture is produced which has a density of 40 pounds per cubic foot.

The density of the solvent is thus greater than carbon dioxide. the displacing gas. and the difference between drive gas and solvent is l2 pounds per cubic foot which is sufficient to produce a satisfactory spreading rate.

In the initial phase of the program. carbon dioxide displacing gas and the above-described carbon disulfide-carbon tetrachloride dense solvent mixture are injected into the formation simultaneously with the con- 'ventional solvent. Gas injection in the initial phase is frequently desirable in order to maintain pressure within the reservoir which helps achieve complete miscibility between the injected solvent and the formation petroleum. It is determined that a 5 pore volume percent of 870.000 gallons or 34.800.000 pounds total solvent will be injected. This requires injection of 8.720.000 pounds of the carbon disulfide carbon tetrachloride mixture and 26.160.000 pounds of the aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent mixture. lnjection of solvents and gas simultaneously. with gas injection rate being sufficient to maintain the pressure in the formation of 2.000 psi. is continued until all of the solvent mixture has been injected into the formation. which requires l-l years. Solvent injection is thereafter terminated. and carbon dioxide gas injection is continued for the next 18 years. The previously injected solvents have mixed to form a solvent blanket which will retain its discreteness. spread over the entire oil column. and be continually displaced downward through the oil column by carbon dioxide gas being injected above. After 25 years. the solvents are produced with residual formation petroleum dissolved in it. Once it is determined that production of solvent has begun. the solvents will be recovered by passing the produced mixture of petroleum and solvents into a vessel suitably equipped for mixing and heating. with suction from a compressor applied thereto. for separation by distillation. The solvents are condensed for use in another field project. Eventually carbon dioxide gas production begins. The production wells will then be recompleted as gas production wells and gas production will be taken from the formation until pressure is depleted. The gas may be reused in another field.

Although our invention has been described in terms of several specific illustrative embodiments. many variations thereon will be apparent to persons skilled in the associated arts without departing from the true spirit and scope of our invention. It is accordingly our wish that our invention be limited and restricted only by such limitations and restrictions as appear in the appended claims.

We claim:

l. A vertically downward. miscible blanket flooding technique for recovering petroleum from a subterranean petroleum containing formation penetrated by at least two injection wells in fluid communication with the upper portion of the formation and by at least one production well in fluid communication with the lower portion of the formation comprising:

a. injecting a conventional solvent for petroleum:

b. injecting a dense solvent for petroleum. said dense solvent being denser than the formation petroleum. said conventional solvent and said dense solvent being injected essentially simultaneously in separate injection wells. the conventional solvent and dense solvent forming a mixture having a density greater than the conventional solvent and less than the formation petroleum; v

c. injecting a gaseous drive fluid into the upper portion of the formation to displace the solvents and petroleum downward through the formation; and

d. recovering formation petroleum and solvents from the lower portion of the formation.

2. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the petroleum containing formation is tar sand and the dense solvent is carbon disulfide or a mixture of carbon disulfide and carbon tetrachloride.

3. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the dense solvent is selected from the group consisting of carbon disulfide. carbon tetrachloride. and halogenated hydrocarbons which are essentially insoluble in and unreactive with water. I

4. A method as recited in claim 3 wherein the dense solvent is carbon disulfide.

5. A method as recited in claim 3 wherein the dense solvent is carbon tetrachloride.

6. A method as recited in claim 3 wherein the halogenated hydrocarbon which is essentially-insoluble in and unreactive with water is selected from the group consisting of trichloromethane and chlorobenzene.

7. A method as recited in claim 6 wherein the halogenated hydrocarbon is trichloromethane.

8. A method as recited in claim 6 wherein the halogenated hydrocarbon is chlorobenzene.

9. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the dense solvent is a mixture of carbon disulfide and carbon tetrachloride.

10. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the conventional solvent also contains an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent.

11. A method as recited in claim 10 wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon is benzene.

12. A method as recited in claim 10 wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon is toluene.

13. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein sufficient dense solvent is injected along with the conventional solvent to produce a mixture having a density equal to from about to about percent of the density of the formation petroleum. i

14. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the drive fluid is predominantly natural gas.

15. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the drive fluid is predominantly methane.

16. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the drive fluid is carbon dioxide.

17. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein a mixture of solvent and formation petroleum is produced near the conclusion of the vertically downward miscible flood and this mixture is subjected on the surface to the additional steps of.

a. separating the solvent from the produced mixture of petroleum and solvent by distillation. and

b. compressing and reliquefying the solvent.

18. A vertically downward. miscible blanket flooding method for recovering petroleum from a subterranean. petroleum containing formation penetrated by at least one injection well in fluid communication with the upper portion of the formation and by at least one production well in fluid communication with the lower portion of the formation comprising:

a. injecting a hydrocarbon solvent for petroleum into the formation;

b. injecting a dense solvent for petroleum into the formation. said dense solvent being denser than the formation petroleum. wherein repetitive cycles in which first said hydrocarbon solvent and then said dense solvent are injected into the injection well so that said solvents mix in the injection string and enter the formation as a mixture. the ratio of the volume of said dense solvent to volume of said hydrocarbon solvent being selected to form a mixture having a density less than the density of the formation petroleum; and

c. injecting a gaseous drive fluid into the upper portion of the formation to displace the solvent and petroleum downward through the petroleum formation; and

d. producing the formation petroleum and solvents from the production well in fluid communication with the lower portion of the formation.

19. A method as recited in claim 18 wherein said dense solvent is selected from the group consisting of carbon disulfide. halogenated hydrocarbons which are essentially insoluble in and unreactive with water. carbon tetrachloride. and mixtures thereof.

20. A method as recited in claim 18 wherein the dense solvent is carbon disulfide.

21. A vertically downward. miscible blanket flooding method for recovering petroleum from a subterranean. petroleum containing formation penetrated by at least one injection well completed with tubing inside casing with an annular space between tubing and casing to define two separate injection means. both means being in fluid communication with the upper portion of the formation. the formation being penetrated by at least one production well in fluid communication with the lower portion of the formation. comprising:

a. injecting a hydrocarbon solvent for petroleum into one of the injection means:

b. injecting a dense solvent for petroleum which is denser than the formation petroleum into the other injection means. the ratio of said hydrocarbon solvent volume to said dense solvent volume being chosen to form a mixture having a density less than 5 the density of the formation petroleum;

c. injecting a gaseous drive fluid into the upper portion of the formation to displace the solvent and petroleum downward through the formation: and

d. producing the formation petroleum and said solto dense solvent is carbon disulfide. 

1. A VERTICALLY DOWNWARD, MISCIBLE BLANKET FLOODING TECHNIQUE FOR RECOVERING PETROLEUM FROM A SUBTERRANEAN PETROLEUM CONTAINING FORMATION PENETRATED BY AT LEAST TWO INJECTION WELLS IN FLUID COMMUNICATION WITH THE UPPER PORTION OF THE FORMATION AND BY AT LEAST ONE PRODUCTION WELL IN FLUID COMMUNICATION WITH THE LOWER PORTION OF THE FORMATION COMPRISING: A. INJECTING A CONVENTIONAL SOLVENT FOR PETROLEUM; B. INJECTING A DENSE SOLVENT FOR PETROLEUM, SAID DENSE SOLVENT BEING DENSER THAN THE FORMATION PETROLEUNM, SAID CONVENTIONAL SOLVENT AND SAID DENSE SOLVENT BEING INJECTED ESSENTIALLY SIMULTANEOUSLY IN SEPARATE INJECTION WELLS, THE CONVENTIONAL SOLVENT AND DENSE SOLVENT FORMING A MIXTURE HAVING A DENSITY GREATER THAN THE CONVENTIONAL SOLVENT AND LESS THAN THE FORMATION PETROLEUM; C. INJECTING A GASEOUS DRIVE FLUID INTO THE UPPER PORTION OF THE FORMATION TO DISPLACE THE SOLVENTS AND PETROLEUM DOWNWARD THROUGH THE FORMATION; AND D. RECOVERING FORMATION PETROLEUM AND SOLVENTS FROM THE LOWER PORTION OF THE FORMATION.
 1. A vertically downward, miscible blanket flooding technique for recovering petroleum from a subterranean petroleum containing formation penetrated by at least two injection wells in fluid communication with the upper portion of the formation and by at least one production well in fluid communication with the lower portion of the formation comprising: a. injecting a conventional solvent for petroleum; b. injecting a dense solvent for petroleum, said dense solvent being denser than the formation petroleum, said conventional solvent and said dense solvent being injected essentially simultaneously in separate injection wells, the conventional solvent and dense solvent forming a mixture having a density greater than the conventional solvent and less than the formation petroleum; c. injecting a gaseous drive fluid into the upper portion of the formation to displace the solvents and petroleum downward through the formation; and d. recovering formation petroleum and solvents from the lower portion of the formation.
 2. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the petroleum containing formation is tar sand and the dense solvent is carbon disulfide or a mixture of carbon disulfide and carbon tetrachloride.
 3. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the dense solvent is selected from the group consisting of carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, and halogenated hydrocarbons which are essentially insoluble in and unreactive with water.
 4. A method as recited in claim 3 wherein the dense solvent is carbon disulfide.
 5. A method as recited in claim 3 wherein the dense solvent is carbon tetrachloride.
 6. A method as recited in claim 3 wherein the halogenated hydrocarbon which is essentially insoluble in and unreactive with water is selected from the group consisting of trichloromethane and chlorobenzene.
 7. A method as recited in claim 6 wherein the halogenated hydrocarbon is trichloromethane.
 8. A method as recited in claim 6 wherein the halogenated hydrocarbon is chlorobenzene.
 9. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the dense solvent is a mixture of carbon disulfide and carbon tetrachloride.
 10. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the conventional solvent also contains an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent.
 11. A method as recited in claim 10 wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon is benzene.
 12. A method as recited in claim 10 wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon is toluene.
 13. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein sufficient dense solvent is injected along with the conventional solvent to produce a mixture having a density equal to from about 80 to about 95 percent of the density of the formation petroleum.
 14. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the drive fluid is predominantly natural gas.
 15. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the drive fluid is predominantly methane.
 16. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the drive fluid is carbon dioxide.
 17. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein a mixture of solvent and formation petroleum is produced near the conclusion of the vertically downward miscible flood and this mixture is subjected on the surface to the additional steps of, a. separating the solvent from the produced mixture of petroleum and solvent by distillation, and b. compressing and reliquefying the solvent.
 18. A vertically downward, miscible blanket flooding method for recovering petroleum from a subterranean, petroleum containing formation penetrated by at least one injection well in fluid communication with the upper portion of the formation and by at least one production well in fluid communication with the lower portion of the formation comprising: a. injecting a hydrocarbon solvent for petroleum into the formation; b. injecting a dense solvent for petroleum into the formation, said dense solvent being denser than the formation petroleum, wherein repetitive cycles in which first said hydrocarbon solvent and then said dense solvent are injected into the injection well so that said solvents mix in the injection string and enter the formation as a mixture, the ratio of the volume of said dense solvent to volume of said hydrocarbon solvent being selected to form a mixture having a density less than the density of the formation petroleum; and c. injecting a gaseous drive fluid into the upper portion of the formation to displace the solvent and petroleum downward through the petroleum formation; and d. producing the formation petroleum and solvents from the production well in fluid communication with the lower portion of the formation.
 19. A method as recited in claim 18 wherein said dense solvent is selected from the group consisting of carbon disulfide, halogenated hydrocarbons which are essentially insoluble in and unreactive with water, carbon tetrachloride, and mixtures thereof.
 20. A method as recited in claim 18 wherein the dense solvent is carbon disulfide.
 21. A vertically downward, miscible blanket flooding method for recovering petroleum from a subterranean, petroleum containing formation penetrated by at least one injection well completed with tubing inside casing with an annular space between tubing and casing to define two separate injection means, both means being in fluid communication with the upper portion of the formation, the formation being penetrated by at least one production well in fluid communication with the lower portion of the formation, comprising: a. injecting a hydrocarbon solvent for petroleum into one of the injection means; b. injecting a dense solvent for petroleum which is denser than the formation petroleum into the other injection means, the ratio of said hydrocarbon solvent volume to said dense solvent volume being chosen to form a mixture having a density less than the density of the formation petroleum; c. injecting a gaseous drive fluid into the upper portion of the formation to displace the solvent and petroleum downward throUgh the formation; and d. producing the formation petroleum and said solvents from the production well.
 22. A method as recited in claim 21 wherein the dense solvent is selected from the group consisting of carbon disulfide, halogenated hydrocarbons which are essentially insoluble in and unreactive with water, carbon tetrachloride, and mixtures thereof. 